'Data file prem-mod.dat: PREM (Preliminary Reference Earth Model)' 2 / (geographic spherical coordinates in radians) 0.00 6.28 -1.57 1.57 0 6400 / (boundaries of the model) 13 surfaces 14 simple blocks: 1 -2 / 2 -3 / 3 -4 / 4 -5 / 5 -6 / 6 -7 / 7 -8 / 8 -9 / 9 -10 / 10 -11 / 11 -12 / 12 -13 / 13 / -1 / (free space) 13 complex blocks: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 13 / 'EARTH SURFACE' 1 -3 0 0 0 / 6371.0 'OCEAN BOTTOM' 2 -3 0 0 0 / 6368.0 'CONRAD DISCONTINUITY' 3 -3 0 0 0 / 6356.0 'MOHO DISCONTINUITY' 4 -3 0 0 0 / 6346.6 'LVZ-LID INTERFACE' 5 -3 0 0 0 / 6291.0 'TOP OF TRANSITION ZONE' 6 -3 0 0 0 / 6151.0 '20-DEGREE DISCONTINUITY' 7 -3 0 0 0 / 5971.0 '2-ND ORDER INTERFACE' 8 -3 0 0 0 / 5771.0 'BOTTOM OF TRANSITION ZONE' 9 -3 0 0 0 / 5701.0 '2-ND ORDER INTERFACE' 10 -3 0 0 0 / 5600.0 '2-ND ORDER INTERFACE' 11 -3 0 0 0 / 3630.0 'CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY' 12 -3 0 0 0 / 3480.0 'INNER-OUTER CORE INTERFACE' 13 -3 0 0 0 / 1221.5 'END OF SURFACES' / 'OCEAN' 1 'VP ' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=constant) 1.45000 'VS ' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=constant) 0. 'DEN' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=constant) 1.02000 'QP ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 57822. 'CRUST' 2 'VP ' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=constant) 5.80000 'VS ' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=constant) 3.20000 'DEN' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=constant) 2.60000 'QP ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 1456. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 600. 'CRUST' 3 'VP ' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=constant) 6.80000 'VS ' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=constant) 3.90000 'DEN' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=constant) 2.90000 'QP ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 1350. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 600. 'LID' 4 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6346.6 6291.0 8.11061 8.07689 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6346.6 6291.0 4.49094 4.46954 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6346.6 6291.0 3.38076 3.37471 'QP ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 1447. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 600. 'LVZ' 5 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6291.0 6151.0 8.07689 7.98970 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6291.0 6151.0 4.46954 4.41885 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6291.0 6151.0 3.37471 3.35950 'QP ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 195. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 80. 'TRANSITION ZONE' 6 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6151.0 5971.0 8.55896 8.90522 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6151.0 5971.0 4.64391 4.76989 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 6151.0 5971.0 3.43578 3.54325 'QP ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 367. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 143. 'TRANSITION ZONE' 7 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5971.0 5771.0 9.13397 10.15782 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5971.0 5771.0 4.93259 5.51601 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5971.0 5771.0 3.72378 3.97584 'QP ' -1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5971.0 5771.0 366. 362. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 143. 'TRANSITION ZONE' 8 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5771.0 5701.0 10.15782 10.26622 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5771.0 5701.0 5.51601 5.57020 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5771.0 5701.0 3.97584 3.99214 'QP ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 362. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 143. 'LOWER MANTLE' 9 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5701.0 5600.0 10.75131 11.06557 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5701.0 5600.0 5.94508 6.24046 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5701.0 5600.0 4.38071 4.44317 'QP ' -1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5701.0 5600.0 759. 730. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 312. 'LOWER MANTLE' 10 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 21 (number of grid points) 5600.0 5500.0 5400.0 5300.0 5200.0 5100.0 5000.0 4900.0 4800.0 4700.0 4600.0 4500.0 4400.0 4300.0 4200.0 4100.0 4000.0 3900.0 3800.0 3700.0 3630.0 11.06557 11.24490 11.41560 11.57828 11.73357 11.88209 12.02445 12.16126 12.29316 12.42075 12.54466 12.66550 12.78389 12.90045 13.01579 13.13055 13.24532 13.36074 13.47742 13.59597 13.68041 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 21 (number of grid points) 5600.0 5500.0 5400.0 5300.0 5200.0 5100.0 5000.0 4900.0 4800.0 4700.0 4600.0 4500.0 4400.0 4300.0 4200.0 4100.0 4000.0 3900.0 3800.0 3700.0 3630.0 6.24046 6.31091 6.37813 6.44232 6.50370 6.56250 6.61891 6.67317 6.72548 6.77606 6.82512 6.87289 6.91957 6.96538 7.01053 7.05525 7.09974 7.14423 7.18892 7.23403 7.26597 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 5600.0 3630.0 4.44317 5.49145 'QP ' -1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=W(X3), tension=0) 3 (number of grid points) 5600.0 4600.0 3630.0 730. 785. 822. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 312. 'LOWER MANTLE' 11 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 3630.0 3480.0 13.68041 13.71660 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 3630.0 3480.0 7.26597 7.26466 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 3630.0 3480.0 5.49145 5.56645 'QP ' -1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 3630.0 3480.0 822. 836. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 312. 'OUTER CORE' 12 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 24 (number of grid points) 3480.0 3400.0 3300.0 3200.0 3100.0 3000.0 2900.0 2800.0 2700.0 2600.0 2500.0 2400.0 2300.0 2200.0 2100.0 2000.0 1900.0 1800.0 1700.0 1600.0 1500.0 1400.0 1300.0 1221.5 8.06482 8.19939 8.36019 8.51298 8.65805 8.79573 8.92632 9.05015 9.16752 9.27876 9.38418 9.48409 9.57881 9.66865 9.75393 9.83496 9.91206 9.98554 10.05572 10.12291 10.18743 10.24959 10.30971 10.35568 'VS ' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=constant) 0. 'DEN' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=W(X3), tension=0) 2 (number of grid points) 3480.0 1221.5 9.90349 12.16634 'QP ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 57822. 'INNER CORE' 13 'VP ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VP=W(X3), tension=0) 14 (number of grid points) 1221.5 1200.0 1100.0 1000.0 900.0 800.0 700.0 600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 11.02827 11.03643 11.07249 11.10542 11.13521 11.16186 11.18538 11.20576 11.22301 11.23712 11.24809 11.25593 11.26064 11.26220 'VS ' 1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. VS=W(X3), tension=0) 14 (number of grid points) 1221.5 1200.0 1100.0 1000.0 900.0 800.0 700.0 600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 3.50432 3.51002 3.53522 3.55823 3.57905 3.59767 3.61411 3.62835 3.64041 3.65027 3.65794 3.66342 3.66670 3.66780 'DEN' 1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. density=constant) 12.76360 'QP ' -1 3 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=W(X3), tension=0) 3 (number of grid points) 1221.5 600.0 0.0 445. 435. 431. 'QS ' -1 0 0 0 0 / (i.e. quality=constant) 85. 'END OF COMPLEX BLOCKS, END OF THE INPUT DATA FOR THE PREM' / ------------------------------------------------------------------------ PREM: The isotropic model parameters in the table below are taken from: Dziewonski A.M., Anderson D.L.(1981): Preliminary reference Earth model. Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 25, 297. Some values, specified in the table II of the paper, which can likely be accurately fitted by cubic splines are left out. Between the given points within each complex block, the parameters are interpolated by means of natural cubic splines. If only one value of a material parameter is specified per a layer, the parameter is assumed constant within the layer. In the input data for complete ray tracing, the values of density are specified only at the interfaces because elsewhere they have no influence upon the high-frequency asymptotics. Complex block Radius Density VP VS QP QS ---------------- ------ -------- -------- ------- ------ ---- 1: OCEAN 6371.0 1.02000 1.45000 0. 57822. 0. 2: CRUST 6368.0 2.60000 5.80000 3.20000 1456. 600. 3: CRUST 6356.0 2.90000 6.80000 3.90000 1350. 600. 4: LID 6346.6 3.38076 8.11061 4.49094 1447. 600. 6291.0 3.37471 8.07689 4.46954 5: LVZ 6291.0 3.37471 8.07689 4.46954 195. 80. 6151.0 3.35950 7.98970 4.41885 6: TRANS. ZONE 6151.0 3.43578 8.55896 4.64391 367. 143. 5971.0 3.54325 8.90522 4.76989 7: TRANS. ZONE 5971.0 3.72378 9.13397 4.93259 366. 143. 5771.0 3.97584 10.15782 5.51601 362. 8: TRANS. ZONE 5771.0 3.97584 10.15782 5.51601 362. 143. 5701.0 3.99214 10.26622 5.57020 9: LOWER MANTLE 5701.0 4.38071 10.75131 5.94508 759. 312. 5600.0 4.44317 11.06557 6.24046 730. 10: LOWER MANTLE 5600.0 4.44317 11.06557 6.24046 730. 312. 5500.0 4.50372 11.24490 6.31091 5400.0 4.56307 11.41560 6.37813 5300.0 4.62129 11.57828 6.44232 5200.0 4.67844 11.73357 6.50370 5100.0 4.73460 11.88209 6.56250 5000.0 4.78983 12.02445 6.61891 4900.0 4.84422 12.16126 6.67317 4800.0 4.89783 12.29316 6.72548 4700.0 4.95073 12.42075 6.77606 4600.0 5.00299 12.54466 6.82512 785. 4500.0 5.05469 12.66550 6.87289 4400.0 5.10590 12.78389 6.91957 4300.0 5.15669 12.90045 6.96538 4200.0 5.20713 13.01579 7.01053 4100.0 5.25729 13.13055 7.05525 4000.0 5.30724 13.24532 7.09974 3900.0 5.35706 13.36074 7.14423 3800.0 5.40681 13.47742 7.18892 3700.0 5.45657 13.59597 7.23403 3630.0 5.49145 13.68041 7.26597 822. 11: LOWER MANTLE 3630.0 5.49145 13.68041 7.26597 822. 312. 3480.0 5.56645 13.71660 7.26466 826. 12: OUTER CORE 3480.0 9.90349 8.06482 0. 57822. 0. 3400.0 10.02940 8.19939 3300.0 10.18134 8.36019 3200.0 10.32726 8.51298 3100.0 10.46727 8.65805 3000.0 10.60152 8.79573 2900.0 10.73012 8.92632 2800.0 10.85321 9.05015 2700.0 10.97091 9.16752 2600.0 11.08335 9.27876 2500.0 11.19067 9.38418 2400.0 11.29298 9.48409 2300.0 11.39042 9.57881 2200.0 11.48311 9.66865 2100.0 11.57119 9.75393 2000.0 11.65478 9.83496 1900.0 11.73401 9.91206 1800.0 11.80900 9.98554 1700.0 11.87990 10.05572 1600.0 11.94682 10.12291 1500.0 12.00989 10.18743 1400.0 12.06924 10.24959 1300.0 12.12500 10.30971 1221.5 12.16634 10.35568 13: INNER CORE 1221.5 12.76360 11.02827 3.50432 445. 85. 1200.0 12.77493 11.03643 3.51002 1100.0 12.82501 11.07249 3.53522 1000.0 12.87073 11.10542 3.55823 900.0 12.91211 11.13521 3.57905 800.0 12.94912 11.16186 3.59767 700.0 12.98178 11.18538 3.61411 600.0 13.01009 11.20576 3.62835 435. 500.0 13.03404 11.22301 3.64041 400.0 13.05364 11.23712 3.65027 300.0 13.06888 11.24809 3.65794 200.0 13.07977 11.25593 3.66342 100.0 13.08630 11.26064 3.66670 0.0 13.08848 11.26220 3.66780 431. ========================================================================